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Ethiopian Crop Productivity, Seasons & Harvest Intelligence

Ethiopia’s farming calendar is governed by three agro-climatic seasons: Kiremt (June–Sept, main rains), Belg (Feb–May, short rains), and Bega (Oct–Jan, dry). Success depends on aligning planting, input use, and harvest with local rainfall patterns and soil types.

Teff

Kiremt

Planting: June–July (after first heavy rains)

Harvest: November–December

Upcoming Harvest: Nov–Dec 2025
Critical for national injera supply.
1.2–1.8 tons/ha (traditional)
2.5+ tons/ha (improved)
Top Zones: Amhara, Oromia Highlands
Risk: Lodging in heavy rain.

Maize

Kiremt

Planting: June–July

Harvest: September–October

Recent Harvest: Completed Sept 2025
Next planting: June 2026
2.5–3.5 tons/ha (local)
6–8 tons/ha (hybrid + irrigation)
Top Zones: Southern & Western Ethiopia
Tips: Apply urea at knee-high stage.

Coffee

Kiremt

Flowering: April–May

Harvest: October–January

Current Season: Harvest ongoing
Peak export: November–February
400–600 kg/ha (cherry)
ETB 80,000–150,000/ha
Top Zones: SNNPR (Yirgacheffe, Sidama)
Market: Fair Trade pays 20–50% premium.

Sesame

Kiremt

Planting: July

Harvest: October–November

Upcoming Harvest: Oct–Nov 2025
Major export to China, EU, India
400–600 kg/ha
ETB 60,000–100,000/ha
Top Zones: Benishangul-Gumuz, Tigray
Warning: Shatters easily—harvest early!

Enset (False Banana)

Bega

Planting: Anytime (perennial)

Harvest: Year 4–6 after planting

Food Security Crop: Feeds 20M+ people
Drought-resilient; no seasonal dependency
One plant = 6–12 months of food
Top Zones: Gurage, Sidama, Hadiya
Sustainability: Zero external inputs.

Chat (Khat)

Belg Kiremt

Harvest: Year-round (daily fresh cut)

Market Timing: Deliver by 10 AM for best price
Price peaks: Thurs–Sat
ETB 50,000–150,000/ha/year
Top Zones: Hararghe, Dire Dawa
Water Need: High—drip irrigation boosts quality.

Wheat

Kiremt

Planting: July–August

Harvest: December–January

Upcoming Planting: July 2026
National self-sufficiency target: 2030
1.8–2.5 tons/ha (rainfed)
4+ tons/ha (irrigated)
Top Zones: Arsi, Bale, North Shewa
Risk: Stem rust—use resistant varieties.

Pulses (Beans, Lentils)

Kiremt

Planting: July–August

Harvest: November–December

Soil Benefit: Fixes nitrogen—rotate with teff/maize
Export demand rising (India, Middle East)
800–1,200 kg/ha
Top Zones: Amhara, Tigray, Oromia
Tip: Inoculate seeds with rhizobium.

Regional Harvest Calendar (2025–2026)

Region Main Crops Harvest Window Key Risk
Amhara Teff, Wheat, Barley Nov–Jan Frost (highlands), moisture stress
Oromia Maize, Coffee, Chat Sept–Jan Weed competition, price volatility
SNNPR Enset, Coffee Year-round Bacterial wilt (Xanthomonas)
Tigray Sesame, Sorghum, Pulses Oct–Nov Drought, short growing season
Benishangul-Gumuz Sesame, Cotton, Maize Oct–Dec Pest outbreaks (fall armyworm)

Farmer Advisory: Maximize Your 2025–2026 Yield

  • Soil Test: Get free testing at your woreda agriculture office.
  • Seed Quality: Use certified seeds from EIAR or cooperatives.
  • Weed Control: First weeding at 3 weeks, second at 6 weeks.
  • Post-Harvest: Dry grains to <14% moisture; store in hermetic bags.
  • Weather Watch: Delay planting if Kiremt onset is late.

Data from Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Ministry of Agriculture, FAO, and NMA. Consult your woreda agronomist for local advice.